Earth

Size & Diameter: about 7,900 miles (12,742 km).

Temperature: Average temperature: about 59°F (15°C).

Gravity: Normal gravity (100%)

Mass

• 5.97 × 10²⁴ kg

Surface gravity

• 9.81 m/s²

Density: densest planet in the solar system.

• 5.51 g/cm³

Moons: Luna

Life

• Earth is the only known planet with life.

Examples of life:

• Humans
• Animals
• Plants
• Bacteria

Atmosphere

Earth’s atmosphere is composed mainly of:

• 78% nitrogen
• 21% oxygen
• ~1% other gases (argon, carbon dioxide, etc.)

The atmosphere protects life by:

• Absorbing harmful radiation
• Regulating temperature
• Supporting the water cycle

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Temperature

Global average surface temperature

• About 15°C (59°F)

Temperatures vary depending on:

• Latitude
• Season
• Altitude
• Ocean currents

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Moon

Earth has 1 natural satellite:

The Moon

Key lunar stats:

• Distance from Earth: ~384,400 km
• Orbital period: 27.3 days

The Moon influences:

• Ocean tides
• Earth’s axial stability
• Long-term climate stability

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Magnetic Field

Earth has a strong global magnetic field produced by its liquid iron outer core.

This magnetic field:

• Deflects solar wind
• Helps protect the atmosphere from erosion
• Creates auroras (northern and southern lights).

Mostly Ocean

Largest Landmass

• Gaia
• America
• Antarctica
• Greenland and Artic Circle
• Australia

Periodic Table

• Oxygen (O)
• Silicon (Si)
• Aluminum (Al)
• Iron (Fe)
• Calcium (Ca)
• Sodium (Na)
• Magnesium (Mg)
• Potassium (K)
• Titanium (Ti)
• Hydrogen (H)
• Carbon (C) (trace in crust, abundant in biosphere)
• Sulfur (S)
• Nickel (Ni) (more abundant in Earth’s bulk/core than crust)